FACTS

• Conduct Disorder is a childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorder characterized by a repetitive pattern of violating the basic rights of others or societal norms.

• It often begins in childhood or early adolescence and can persist into adulthood if left untreated.

• Conduct Disorder is more common in males than females, with boys being diagnosed at higher rates.

• Children with Conduct Disorder may display aggressive behavior, engage in destructive acts, and exhibit a lack of empathy towards others.

• Conduct Disorder is often associated with a higher risk of developing other mental health conditions, such as substance abuse, mood disorders, and antisocial personality disorder.

CAUSES

• Genetic Factors: There is evidence to suggest that Conduct Disorder has a genetic component, as it tends to run in families.

• Environmental Factors: Negative family dynamics, including parental neglect or abuse, inconsistent discipline, or exposure to violence, can contribute to the development of Conduct Disorder.

• Neurobiological Factors: Some studies have indicated that abnormalities in brain structure and function, particularly in areas related to impulse control and emotional regulation, may contribute to the development of Conduct Disorder.

• Social Learning: Children may learn aggressive or antisocial behaviors through observation and imitation of peers or family members who engage in such behaviors.

• Cognitive Deficits: Difficulties with problem-solving, poor decision-making skills, and deficits in empathy and understanding the consequences of their actions can contribute to the development of Conduct Disorder.

SYMPTOMS

• Aggression: Frequent physical aggression towards people or animals, including fighting, bullying, or intimidating others.

• Destruction of Property: Deliberate acts of vandalism or arson, causing damage to property.

• Deceitfulness: Repeated lying, stealing, or engaging in acts of fraudulence.

• Violation of Rules: Persistent disregard for societal norms and rules, such as truancy, running away from home, or breaking curfew.

• Lack of Empathy: Difficulty showing remorse or empathy for others, and a disregard for the feelings and rights of others.

THERAPY USED

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: This therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative patterns of thinking and behavior. It helps individuals develop more adaptive coping strategies and problem-solving skills.

• Parent Management Training (PMT): PMT provides parents with strategies and techniques to manage and modify their child's behavior. It aims to improve parenting skills, increase consistency, and strengthen the parent-child relationship.

• Multisystemic Therapy (MST): This intensive, community-based therapy involves working with the entire family system to address the various factors contributing to Conduct Disorder. It targets the individual, family, school, and community to promote positive behavioral changes.

• Social Skills Training: This therapy helps individuals with Conduct Disorder develop appropriate social skills, such as communication, empathy, and conflict resolution, through structured learning and role-playing exercises.

• Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to target specific symptoms associated with Conduct Disorder, such as impulsivity or aggression. Medications like stimulants, antidepressants, or mood stabilizers may be used under the supervision of a qualified medical professional.

The diagnosis process typically involves a comprehensive evaluation that includes the following steps:

• Clinical Interview: The first step is to conduct a thorough clinical interview with the child or adolescent exhibiting concerning behaviors. Additionally, the clinician may interview parents or caregivers to gather information about the child's behavior, developmental history, family dynamics, and any other relevant factors.

• Diagnostic Criteria: The clinician will use the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) published by the American Psychiatric Association to assess whether the child meets the criteria for Conduct Disorder. DSM-5 outlines specific behavioral patterns and symptoms that must be present for a diagnosis.

• Behavioral Assessment: The clinician will gather information about the child's behavior across different settings, such as home, school, and community. Information from teachers and other caregivers may also be sought to gain a comprehensive understanding of the child's behavior.

• Rule Out Other Conditions: The clinician will also consider whether the child's behaviors may be due to other mental health disorders or medical conditions. Conduct Disorder must be distinguished from other conditions with similar symptoms, such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

• Duration and Severity: To make a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder, the child must exhibit a consistent pattern of behaviors for at least six months. The clinician will also assess the severity of the behaviors and their impact on the child's daily functioning and relationships.

• Assessment of Impairment: The clinician will evaluate how the child's behavior affects their academic, social, and family functioning. Conduct Disorder can significantly impair a child's ability to interact with others and succeed in various areas of life.

• Collateral Information: Information from other sources, such as school reports or psychological testing, may be used to support the diagnosis and treatment planning process.